| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英國天主教的複雜狀況對其殖民地產生了一定影響。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美國革命時期，天主教徒大約佔美國原有13個殖民地總人口的 1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
倘若天主教徒被視為英國這個國家的潛在敵人，則受英國統治的愛爾蘭天主教徒遭受雙重打壓。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在愛爾蘭的他們，一直受英國人的支配。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美國，天主教徒仍然被禁止在部份殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
雖然他們信仰的教宗在羅馬居住，但是他們的正式代表是天主教倫敦教區的主教占士塔爾博。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
在戰爭開始時，塔爾博主教宣告他向英國皇室效忠。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（倘若他當時未有作出這一舉動，英國的天主教徒將會陷入困境。當時人們反對天主教的氛圍仍然極為高漲。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止殖民地牧師舉行聖餐禮。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
這一做法令信仰變為不可能。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
這也令殖民地反抗力量獲得了同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陸軍與法國的同盟，令人們更加同情信仰。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
法國軍隊到達羅德島的紐波特時，殖民地廢止了1664年法案，並允許天主教徒獲得公民身份。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（這表示憲制性的《權利法案》規定，反天主教的法律條款將從其中刪除。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
在戰爭結束後，教宗設立了美國主教，並要求若望·卡羅爾擔任這一職位——若望·卡羅爾是曾經協助建立馬里蘭州的卡羅爾家族的後裔——而且是與羅馬有直接聯繫的美國教區。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英國政府命令湯馬士·蓋奇將軍前往執行《強制法令》，並關閉馬薩諸塞州的立法機關。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
蓋奇決定沒收位於康科德的一批殖民地武器。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，蓋奇的軍隊向康科德前進。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
途徑列克星頓城鎮時，軍隊受到當地的美國人阻止，因為這個地方的美國人曾經受到保羅·里維爾 (Paul Revere) 和其他英國人事先警告。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
沒有人知道是哪一方開了第一槍，但是，這一事件點燃了英國人與民兵在列克星頓綠地的戰火。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在開闊的戰場上，民兵面對的敵人是數量上佔有絕對優勢的英國正規軍，因此迅速潰敗。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
但是，鎮上還是響起了警報。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
英軍向康科德進軍時，大批殖民地民兵迅速到來，對英軍發動游擊戰。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地的人們在康科德集結了大量軍隊。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他們在那裏與英軍交戰，並將其擊退。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
之後他們要求取得軍械庫之內的物品。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英軍受到來自四面八方的砲火攻擊，因而撤退到波士頓。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
在波士頓郊外，有一個使用大砲的增援小隊對正在撤退的英軍給予了援助，使之不至於完全潰敗。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
英軍在第二天醒來後，發現波士頓被二萬名持有武器的殖民地人包圍，且佔領了城市所在半島與陸地相連的地方。 |
