| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atomyada, walxaha uguyar ee maadada ee haya sifooyinka arinta, ayaa laga sameeyay protons, electrons, iyo neutrons. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Protons -k waxay leeyihiin lacag togan, Elektaroonadu waxay leeyihiin lacag taban oo baabi'inaysa dacwadda togan ee proton. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutrons-ka waa walxo u eg proton-ka laakiin leh lacag dhexdhexaad ah. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Ma jiraan wax farqi ah oo u dhexeeya qarashka togan iyo taban marka laga reebo in walxaha isku qarashka ah ay is celiyaan oo walxaha leh qarashka iska soo horjeeda is soo jiitaan. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
Haddii proton -ka keli -keli ah ee saxda ah iyo elektarooniga taban la isu soo dhoweeyo waxay isu iman doonaan si ay u sameeyaan atom hydrogen ah. |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Ka -hortaggan iyo soo -jiidashadan ee (xoogga u dhexeeya walxaha aan joogsiga lahayn) waxaa loo yaqaannaa Xoogga Korontada waxayna ku fidsan tahay aragti ahaan ilaa xad la'aan, laakiin waa la qasi karaa marka masaafada u dhexaysa walxaha ay sii kordho. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
Marka atomka uu yeesho hal ama in ka badan oo electron ah oo maqan waxaa lagu reebayaa lacag togan, marka atamka uu leeyahay ugu yaraan hal elektaroon oo dheeri ah wuxuu leeyahay lacag taban. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Haysashada lacag togan ama taban ayaa atom ka dhigaysa ion(ayon). |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atomyadu waxay helaan oo lumiyaan protons -ka iyo neerroon -ka iyadoo la isku darayo, fission, iyo bololaha shucaaca. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
In kasta oo atomadu ka samaysan yihiin walxo badan walxahana ay ka samaysan yihiin atamooyin badan, haddana waxay u dhaqmaan si la mid ah walxaha la soo dallaco marka la eego sida ay u celiyaan oo u soo jiitaan. |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
Atomka protons -ka iyo neutrons -ku waxay isku daraan si ay u sameeyaan nukleus si adag u xidhan. |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Nucleuskan waxaa ku hareeraysan daruuro baaxad leh oo electrons ah oo ku meeraynaya meel fog laakiin wuxuu ku hayaa meel u dhow protons -ka soo jiidashada elektromagnetic (xoogga elektaroolka ee hore looga hadlay). |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Daruurtu waxay u jirtaa sida qolof ama isgoysyo is -daba -socda oo isdaba -yaal ah kuwaas oo guutooyinkii valence -ka gudaha ay ka buuxaan elektaroono oo si adag ugu xidhan atomka. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Fiilooyinka tabinta ee dibedda kuma jiraan wax elektaroono ah marka laga reebo kuwa u dardargeliyey guutooyinkii tabinta iyagoo helay tamar. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Tamar ku filan elektarooniga ayaa ka baxsan doona atom (isbarbar dhig xawaaraha baxsadka ee gantaal bannaan). |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Marka elektarooniga ku jira kooxda tabinta uu hoos u dhaco oo uu ku dhaco koox kale oo hagitaan ama kooxda valence -ka ayaa la soo saaraa sawir. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
Tan waxaa loo yaqaanaa saamaynta korontada. |
