Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Les atomes, les plus petites particules de matière qui conservent les propriétés de la matière, sont constitués de protons, d'électrons et de neutrons. |
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Os prótons têm uma carga positiva, os elétrons têm uma carga negativa que cancela a carga positiva do próton. |
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Les neutrons sont des particules qui ressemblent à un proton, mais qui ont une charge neutre. |
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Não há diferenças entre cargas positivas e negativas, exceto que as partículas com a mesma carga se repelem e as partículas com cargas opostas se atraem. |
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
如果一个孤立的正质子和一个负电子彼此靠近放置,它们将结合形成一个氢原子。 |
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
这种排斥力和吸引力(静止带电粒子之间的力)被称为静电力,理论上可以延伸到无穷大,但随着粒子之间距离的增加而减弱。
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When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时,它就带正电荷,而当一个原子至少有一个额外的电子时,它就带负电荷。 |
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
具有正电荷或负电荷使原子成为离子。 |
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
尽管原子由许多粒子组成,物体由许多原子组成,但它们在相互排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。 |
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Obwohl Atome aus vielen Teilchen bestehen und Objekte aus vielen Atomen bestehen, verhalten sie sich in Bezug darauf, wie sie sich gegenseitig abstoßen und anziehen, ähnlich wie geladene Teilchen.
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In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
Dans un atome, les protons et les neutrons se combinent pour former un noyau étroitement lié.
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This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Dieser Kern ist von einer riesigen Wolke aus Elektronen umgeben, die sich in einiger Entfernung befinden, aber durch elektromagnetische Anziehung (die zuvor besprochene elektrostatische Kraft) nahe an den Protonen gehalten werden. |
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping layers/bands, in which the internal valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.
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The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Les bandes de conduction externes ne contiennent pas d'électrons, à l'exception de ceux qui ont été accélérés vers les bandes de conduction en gagnant de l'énergie. |
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Mit genügend Energie entweicht ein Elektron aus einem Atom (vergleichen Sie es mit der Fluchtgeschwindigkeit eines Raumfahrzeugs).
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When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Lorsqu'un électron dans la bande de conduction décélère et tombe dans une autre bande de conduction ou dans la bande de valence, un photon est émis. |
This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
C'est ce qu'on appelle l'effet photoélectrique. |