| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教的复杂情况产生了他们的殖民地。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美国革命时期，天主教徒约占最初13个殖民地美国总人口的1.6 ％。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒被视为英国国家的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒就会受到双重诅咒。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们一直受到英国的统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍然被禁止在一些殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们的信仰之首居住在罗马，但他们的正式代表是伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯-塔尔博特（James Talbot）。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
当战争开始时，塔尔博特主教宣布他忠于英国王室。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（如果他不这样做，英国的天主教徒就会陷入困境。反天主教情绪仍然高涨。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地牧师为圣餐。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得信仰的实践变得不可能。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引起了殖民地叛乱分子的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国的联盟增加了对该信仰的同情。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛州纽波特时，该殖民地废除了1664年的法案，并允许天主教徒获得公民身份。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这预示着《宪法权利法案》的规定将从书本中删除反天主教的法律。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇创建了一个美国主教，约翰·卡罗尔（ John Carroll ） -帮助发现马里兰州的卡罗尔的后裔-以及一个直接与罗马沟通的美国教区。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军执行《不可容忍法案》，并关闭了马萨诸塞州的立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收位于康科德的一批殖民地武器。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的部队向康科德进军。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
途中，在列克星敦镇，被保罗·里维尔等人事先警告过英国运动的美国人试图阻止军队。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道是哪一方开了第一枪，但它引发了英国人和民兵之间在列克星敦格林的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在一片空地上，面对人数占压倒性优势的英国正规军，民兵们很快被击溃。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
然而，警报声响彻乡村。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地民兵涌入，在英军向康科德进军时，他们能够对英军发起游击式进攻。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民者在康科德集结军队。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英国人进行了武力交战，并且能够击退他们。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
然后他们缴获了军械库中的物品。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英国人在四面八方持续不断的火力猛攻下，撤退到了波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有在波士顿郊区才能得到有大炮支援的纵队，这才阻止了英军的撤退，使其不至于全军覆没。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人醒来时发现波士顿被两万名武装的殖民者包围了，他们占据了延伸到城市所在半岛的土地领地。 |
