The definition of health has evolved over time. |
Ufafanuzi wa afya umebadilika kwa muda. |
In keeping with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by disease. |
Kwa kuzingatia mtazamo wa biomedical, ufafanuzi wa mapema wa afya ulizingatia mada ya uwezo wa mwili kufanya kazi; afya ilionekana kama hali ya kawaida ya kazi ambayo inaweza kuvurugwa mara kwa mara na magonjwa. |
An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biologic, psychological, and social stress". |
Mfano wa huo ufafanuzi wa afya ni kama: "hali inayojulikana na uadilifu wa anatomiki, fiziolojia, na uaminifu wa kisaikolojia;uwezo wa kutekeleza kibinafsi majukumu ya familia, kazi, na jamii; uwezo wa kukabiliana na mafadhaiko ya mwili, kibiolojia, kisaikolojia, na dhiki ya kijamii ". |
Then, in 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a definition that aimed higher, linking health to well-being, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". |
Halafu, mnamo 1948, kwa kuacha kabisa ufafanuzi wa zamani, Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni (WHO) lilipendekeza ufafanuzi ambao ulilenga juu, ikiunganisha afya na ustawi, kwa suala la "ustawi wa mwili, akili, na kijamii, na sio kukosekana tu kwa magonjwa na udhaifu ". |
Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized as being vague, excessively broad, and was not construed as measurable. |
Ingawa ufafanuzi huu ulikaribishwa na wengine kama kuwaubunifu, pia ulikosolewa kama kuwa wazi, mpana kupita kiasi, na haukufikiriwa kuwa unaoweza kupimika.
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For a long time it was set aside as an impractical ideal and most discussions of health returned to the practicality of the biomedical model. |
Kwa muda mrefu ilitengwa kama njia isiyowezekana na majadiliano mengi ya afya yalirudi kwa ufanisi wa mtindo wa biomedical. |
Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. |
Kama vile kulikuwa na mabadiliko kutoka kwa kutazama magonjwa kama hali na kufikiria kama mchakato, mabadiliko hayo hayo yalitokea katika ufafanuzi wa afya.
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Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. |
Tena, WHO ilichukua jukumu la kuongoza wakati ilikuza maendeleo ya harakati za kukuza afya katika miaka ya 1980. |
This brought in a new conception of health, not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". |
Hii ilileta dhana mpya ya afya, sio kama serikali, lakini kwa nguvu ya uthabiti, kwa maneno mengine, kama "rasilimali ya kuishi". |
The 1984 WHO revised definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities". |
Ufafanuzi uliorekebishwa wa WHO wa afya wa 1984 uliielezea kama "kiwango ambacho mtu binafsi au kikundi kinaweza kutambua matamanio na kukidhi mahitaji, na kubadilisha au kukabiliana na mazingira. Afya ni rasilimali kwa maisha ya kila siku, sio lengo la kuishi ni dhana nzuri, inayosisitiza rasilimali za kijamii na za kibinafsi, pamoja na uwezo wa mwili ".
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Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain homeostasis and recover from insults. |
Kwa hivyo, afya ilitaja uwezo wa kudumisha homeostasis na kupona kutoka kwa matusi.
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Mental, intellectual, emotional, and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and independent living |
Afya ya kiakili, kiakili, kihisia, na kijamii inahusu uwezekano wa mtu kushughulikia dhiki, kupata ujuzi, kudumisha mahusiano, ambayo yote yanaunda rasilimali za uthabiti na maisha ya kujitegemea
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