科學方法(英语:scientific method)指的是檢查自然現象、獲取新知識或修正與整合先前已得的知識,所使用的一整套技術。 |
Scientific method (scientific method) refers to a set of techniques used to examine natural phenomena, acquire new knowledge, or modify and integrate previously acquired knowledge. |
為了合乎科學精神,這方法必須建立於收集可觀察、可經驗(empirical)、可量度的證據,並且合乎明確的推理原則。 |
In order to be scientific, this approach must be based on the collection of observable, empirical, measurable evidence and clear principles of reasoning. |
梅里亞姆-韋伯斯特辭典如此定義: |
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary is defined as follows: |
科學方法是一種有系統地尋求知識的程序,涉及了以下三個步驟:問題的認知與表述、實驗數據的收集、假說的構成與測試。 |
The scientific method is a systematic process of seeking knowledge, involving the following three steps: the cognition and expression of the problem, the collection of experimental data, the composition and testing of the hypothesis. |
科學方法是一種持續不停的過程,通常其最初步驟是仔細觀察大自然,人們天生就有一種摘三問四的習性,他們時常會對於周遭現象想出一些奇奇怪怪的問題,進而發展出一些假說來解釋這些問題。 |
The scientific method is a continuous process. Usually, the initial step is to carefully observe nature. People are born with a habit of picking up three questions. They often come up with some strange problems for the surrounding phenomena, and then develop Some hypotheses explain these issues. |
最好的假說會導致能被多樣檢試的預言。 |
The best hypothesis leads to predictions that can be tested by multiple tests. |
基於檢試的結果,被檢查的假說可能需要加以改善或遭到毅然駁回。 |
Based on the results of the test, the hypothesis being examined may need to be improved or resolutely rejected. |
這整個循環,從預測、檢試到改善,可能會重複多次,甚至會無限期地重複,直到假說被改善到能夠給出預測符合檢試的數據,這時,就可宣布一個科學理論出爐了。 |
This whole cycle, from forecasting, testing to improvement, may be repeated many times, or even repeated indefinitely, until the hypothesis is improved to give predictions that match the test data. At this point, a scientific theory can be announced. . |
科學方法即是適切的驗證方法,所以在完整科學研究,以科學態度由動機發起,目的求其「真」、「實」、「存」、「在」之結果,於科學精神透過科學的過程方法,最後結果證實或證明。 |
The scientific method is an appropriate method of verification. Therefore, in the whole scientific research, the scientific attitude is initiated by the motive, aiming at the result of "truth", "reality", "preservation" and "being", in the process of scientific spirit through science. Method, the final result is confirmed or proved. |
也就是說科學性強調的,係為過程與結果互為的真實程度。 |
That is to say, scientifically emphasized is the true degree of mutual process and result. |