| Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures. |
Shida za mabaki ni sehemu za mafadhaiko ambazo zinashinda katika miundo isiyo ya kubeba. |
| For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress. |
Kwa mfano, bolt ya kawaida inayokaa kwenye kiganja cha mkono wako inaweza kupata hatua kubwa za mafadhaiko. |
| This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured. |
Hii sio kwa sababu ya mwenendo wako au jinsi unavyoshikilia, badala yake ni kwa sababu ya njia ambayo bolt imetengenezwa. |
| A quality thread is rolled rather than cut. |
Uzi wa ubora umevingirishwa badala ya kukatwa |
| Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread. |
Kwa hivyo nyenzo hiyo imekuwa chini ya mabadiliko makubwa ya plastiki, ambayo hutengeneza mafadhaiko ya kubana katika sehemu za uzi. |
| The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium. |
Matibabu pia hutengeneza mafadhaiko ya nguvu, kama inavyotakiwa na sheria ya usawa wa nguvu |
| Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable. |
Shinikizo la mabaki ya kubana kwenye uzi ni nzuri kwa maisha ya uchovu wa bolt, na kwa hivyo inahitajika. |
| The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity. |
Shinikizo linalolingana, kwa upande mwingine, linaweza kuwa na athari mbaya kwa kiwango cha juu cha kubeba mzigo. |
| However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load. |
Walakini, athari hii ya kudhoofisha ni shukrani ndogo kwa uwezo wa nyenzo kutoa na kusambaza sehemu za mafadhaiko ikiwa kuna mzigo mkubwa |
| Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity. |
Shida za mabaki zinaweza kuwa na athari nzuri, hasi au hakuna athari kwa uadilifu wa muundo wa muundo. |
| Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important. |
Kwa hali yoyote, kujua juu yao ni muhimu. |
| This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters. |
Sura hii inaelezea sababu za kawaida na athari zinazowezekana za mafadhaiko ya mabaki, na huandaa kabisa msomaji kwa mada zinazohusiana katika sura zinazofuata. |
