| What is “governance”? |
Apakah itu "tadbir urus"? |
| The term governance often gives rise to confusion because it is (erroneously) assumed that it must refer solely to acts or duties of the government. |
Istilah tadbir urus sering menimbulkan kekeliruan kerana ia (secara salah) diandaikan bahawa ia mesti merujuk semata-mata kepada tindakan atau tugas kerajaan. |
| Of course, governments do play an important role in many kinds of governance. |
Sudah tentu, kerajaan memainkan peranan penting dalam pelbagai jenis tadbir urus. |
| However, in fact, the concept is far broader, and extends beyond merely the State. |
Walau bagaimanapun, sebenarnya, konsep itu jauh lebih luas, dan melangkaui negeri semata-mata. |
| For example, we have seen increasing reference recently to the notion of “corporate governance”, a process that involves oversight both by the State and by a host of non-State bodies, including corporations themselves. |
Sebagai contoh, kita telah melihat peningkatan rujukan baru-baru ini kepada tanggapan "tadbir urus korporat", satu proses yang melibatkan pengawasan oleh negeri dan oleh pelbagai badan bukan negeri, termasuk syarikat itu sendiri. |
| Don McLean points out that the word governance derives from the Latin word “gubernare”, which refers to the action of steering a ship. |
Don McLean menunjukkan bahawa perkataan governance berasal daripada perkataan Latin "gubernare", yang merujuk kepada tindakan mengemudi kapal. |
| This etymology suggests a broader definition for governance. |
Etimologi ini mencadangkan definisi yang lebih luas untuk tadbir urus. |
| One important implication of this broader view is that governance includes multiple tools and mechanisms. |
Satu implikasi penting daripada pandangan yang lebih luas ini ialah tadbir urus merangkumi pelbagai alat dan mekanisme. |
| Traditional law and policy are certainly among those mechanisms. |
Undang-undang dan dasar tradisional sememangnya antara mekanisme tersebut. |
| However, as we shall see throughout this primer, governance can take place through many other channels. |
Walau bagaimanapun, seperti yang akan kita lihat di seluruh buku panduan ini, tadbir urus boleh berlaku melalui pelbagai saluran lain. |
| Technology, social norms, decision-making procedures, and institutional design: all of these are as equally important in governance as law or policy. |
Teknologi, norma sosial, prosedur membuat keputusan dan reka bentuk institusi: semua ini sama pentingnya dalam tadbir urus seperti undang-undang atau dasar. |
