| Public health has been described as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." |
Afya ya jamii imeelezwa kama sayansi na sanaa ya kuzuia magonjwa, kuongeza muda wa kuishi na kuendeleza afya kupitia juhudi zilizopangwa na maamuzi sahihi ya jamii, mashirika ya umma na binafsi, jumuiya ya watu na mtu mmoja mmoja. |
| It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. |
Inajumuisha hatari na tishio kwa ujumla kwa afya ya jamii kulingana na uchambuzi wa takwimu za afya za watu. |
| The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). |
Idadi ya watu husika inaweza kuwa ndogo kama kikundi cha watu wachache, au inaweza kuwa kubwa kama idadi ya wakazi wa mabara kadhaa (kwa mfano, mlipuko wa magonjwa yanayoenea kwa haraka kwa muda mchache). |
| Public health has many sub-fields, but typically includes the interdisciplinary categories of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. |
Afya ya jamii ina matawi madogo madogo, lakini kwa kawaida inajumuisha taaluma kwenye maeneo mbalimabali kama vile epidemiolojia, takwimu na huduma za afya. |
| Environmental health, community health, behavioral health, and occupational health are also important areas of public health. |
Afya ya mazingira, afya ya jamii, afya juu ya tabia na afya ya mahali pa kazi ni maeneo mengine muhimu ya afya ya jamii. |
| The focus of public health interventions is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behavior, communities, and (in aspects relevant to human health) environments. |
Lengo kuu la hatua za afya ya jamii ni kuzuia na kudhibiti magonjwa, majeraha na hali nyingine za kiafya kupitia ufuatiliaji visa na uhamasishaji wa tabia bora za kiafya, kijamii na mazingira (Katika vipengele vinavyohusiana na afya ya binadamu). |
| Its aim is to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing educational programs, developing policies, administering services and conducting research. |
Ikiwa lengo lake ni kuzuia matatizo ya kiafya yasitokee au kujirudia tena kwa kutekeleza programu za kielimu, kuandaa sera, kusimamia huduma na kufanya tafiti. |
| In many cases, treating a disease or controlling a pathogen can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an outbreak. |
Katika visa vingi, kutibu ugonjwa au kudhibiti vimelea vya magonjwa kunaweza kuwa ni muhimu ili kuzuia kuenea kwa wengine, hasa wakati unapotokea mlipuko wa magonjwa. |
| Vaccination programs and distribution of condoms to prevent the spread of communicable diseases are examples of common preventive public health measures, as are educational campaigns to promote vaccination and the use of condoms (including overcoming resistance to such). |
Programu za chanjo na usambazaji wa kondomu ili kuzuia kuenea kwa magonjwa ya kuambikiza ni mifano ya hatua za kawaida za kuzuia afya ya umma, vivyo hivyo kampeni za elimu za kuhamasisha chanjo na matumizi ya kondomu ( ikijumuisha kushinda upinzani dhidi ya matumizi hayo). |
