| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
天主教在大不列颠的复杂处境也影响了其殖民地。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美国独立战争时期，天主教徒大约占原始13个殖民地总人口的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒被视为英国国家的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒就更是“罪上加罪”。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们一直处于英国的统治之下。
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| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美洲，天主教徒仍被禁止在一些殖民地定居。
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| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
尽管他们信仰的领袖居住在罗马，但他们在官方上由伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔博特代表。
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| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争爆发时，主教塔尔博特宣誓效忠英国王室。
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| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（如果他没有这样做，英格兰的天主教徒就会陷入麻烦，因为当时反天主教情绪仍然非常高涨。）
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| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地的神父举行圣餐仪式。
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| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得信仰的实践变得不可能。
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| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引发了人们对殖民地反叛者的同情。
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| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国的结盟进一步增加了人们对天主教的同情。
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| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗得岛州纽波特时，该殖民地废除了1664年的法案，并允许天主教徒获得公民身份。
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| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这预示着《宪法权利法案》的条款将废除那些反天主教的法律。）
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| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇任命了一位美国主教约翰·卡罗尔——他是帮助建立马里兰州的卡罗尔家族的后裔——并设立了一个直接与罗马沟通的美国教区。
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| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军执行《不可容忍法案》，并关闭马萨诸塞州的立法机构。
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| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收殖民地军队储存在康科德的一批武器。
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| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的部队向康科德进军。
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| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
在前往康科德的途中，盖奇部队经过列克星敦镇。当地美国人事先已被保罗·里维尔等人警告英军的动向，便试图阻止部队前进。
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| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道是哪一方先开的第一枪，但这一枪引发了英军与民兵在列克星敦绿地上的战斗。
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| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在空旷的战场上面对数量远超的英国正规军，民兵很快被击溃。
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| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
尽管如此，警报还是在乡间各地响起。
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| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地民兵迅速集结，并在英军向康科德行军途中对其发动了游击袭击。
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| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地军队在康科德集结了大量兵力。
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| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在康科德与英军展开激战，并成功将其击退。
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| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
随后，他们夺取了军械库中的武器装备。
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| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英军在四面八方持续而猛烈的火力下撤退回波士顿。
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| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有在波士顿郊外一支带有炮兵支援的增援部队，才阻止了英军的撤退演变成彻底的溃败。
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| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英军醒来时发现波士顿已被2万名武装殖民地军队包围，这些士兵占据了通往波士顿所在半岛的狭长陆地通道。
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