| Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids. |
Kristalografija je eksperimentalna nauka za određivanje rasporeda atoma u čvrstim materijama |
| In older usage, it is the scientific study of crystals. |
Kod starijih primena, to je naučno proučavanje kristala |
| Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography (see below), the study of crystals was based on the geometry of the crystals. |
Pre pronalaska kristalografije difrakcijom X-zraka (videti niže) proučavanje kristala bilo je zasnovano na geometriji kristala |
| This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces relative to theoretical reference axes (crystallographic axes), and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question. |
Ovo obuhvata merenje uglova faseta kristala u odnosu na teorijske referentne ose (kristalografske ose) i ustanovljeenje simetrije kristala koji se posmatra. |
| The former is carried out using a goniometer. |
Prethodno se izvodi pomoću goniometra |
| The position in 3D space of each crystal face is plotted on a stereographic net, e.g. Wolff net or Lambert net. |
Položaj u 3D prostoru svake kristalne ravni nacrtan je u stereografskoj mreži, npr. Wolffovoj ili Lambertovoj mreži |
| In fact, the pole to each face is plotted on the net. |
U stvari pol svake ravni nacrtan je na mreži |
| Each point is labelled with its Miller index. |
Svaka tačka označena je svojim Millerovim indeksom |
| The final plot allows the symmetry of the crystal to be established. |
Krajnji dijagram omogućava ustanovljenje simetrije kristala |
| Crystallographic methods now depend on the analysis of the diffraction patterns that emerge from a sample that is targeted by a beam of some type. |
Kristalografske metode sada zavise od dijagrama difrakcije koji nastaju iz uzorka koji je pogođen nekim zrakom. |
| The beam is not always electromagnetic radiation, even though X-rays are the most common choice. |
Zrak nije uvek elektromagnetno zračenje, mada se obično koriste X-zraci |
| For some purposes electrons or neutrons are used, which is possible due to the wave properties of the particles. |
Ponekad se koriste eelektroni ili neutroni, što je moguće zbog talasnih osobina čestica |
| Crystallographers often explicitly state the type of illumination used when referring to a method, as with the terms X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction. |
Kristalografi često eksplicitno navode vrstu korišćenog osvetljavanja kada se pozivaju na metodu, u smislu difrakcije X-zraka, neutronske difrakcije i elektronske difrakcije. |
| These three types of radiation interact with the specimen in different ways. |
Ova tri tipa zračenja interaguju sa uzorkom na različite načine |
| X-rays interact with the spatial distribution of the valence electrons, while electrons are charged particles and therefore feel the total charge distribution of both the atomic nuclei and the surrounding electrons. |
X-zraci interaguju sa prostornom raspodelom valentnih elektrona, mada su elektroni naelektrisane čestice i zato osećaju raspodelu ukupnog naelektrisanja i atomskih jezgara i okružujućih elektrona. |
| Neutrons are scattered by the atomic nuclei through the strong nuclear forces, but in addition, the magnetic moment of neutrons is non-zero. |
Neutroni su rasejani iz atomskih jezgara putem jakih nuklearnih sila ali , pored toga, magnetni moment neutrona nije nula. |
| They are therefore also scattered by magnetic fields. |
Oni su takođe rasejani putem magnetnih polja |
| Because of these different forms of interaction, the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies. |
Zbog ovih različitih oblika interakcije , za različite kristalografske studije pogodne su tri vrste zračenja. |
