| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教在其殖民地中面临复杂的局势，这导致了一些结果。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美国革命期间，天主教徒约占原始13个殖民地总人口的1.6%左右。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果英国将天主教徒视为潜在的敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒就面临着双重的咒诅。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们一直受到英国的统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍然被禁止在某些殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
尽管他们信仰的领导者驻扎在罗马，但他们在官方层面上由伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔伯特代表。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
当战争爆发时，塔尔伯特主教宣布他对英国皇冠的忠诚。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（如果他做得不同，英格兰的天主教徒将会陷入麻烦。反天主教情绪仍然很高涨。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地的神父举行圣餐仪式。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得信仰的实践变得不可能。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引起了对殖民地叛乱者的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国的结盟增加了对天主教的同情。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗得岛州的纽波特时，殖民地废除了1664年的法令，并允许天主教徒拥有公民身份。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这预示了《宪法权利法案》的规定，该法案将废除反天主教的法律。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇任命了美国主教约翰·卡罗尔（John Carroll），他是曾经帮助建立马里兰州的同一家族的后裔，并建立了一个直接与罗马通信的美国教区。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军执行《无法容忍法案》，并关闭马萨诸塞州的立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收位于康科德的殖民地武器储备。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的部队向康科德行进。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
在途中，位于莱克星顿镇的美国人事先得到保罗·里维尔和其他人的警告，得知英军的行动，他们试图阻止部队前进。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
虽然没有人知道是哪一方首先开火，但这引发了英军和民兵之间在莱克星顿绿地上的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
面对数量上压倒性优势的英国正规军在开阔地区的进攻，民兵很快被击溃。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
尽管如此，警报在乡间响起。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地民兵纷纷赶来，并能够在英军前进康科德的途中发动游击袭击。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地人聚集了大量的部队在康科德。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英军展开了激战，并成功击退了他们。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
随后，他们夺取了军械库的物资 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
在来自四面八方的持续火力压制下，英军撤退至波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有在波士顿郊区拥有炮兵支援的增援部队阻止了英军的撤退变成彻底溃败。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英军醒来时发现波士顿被2万名武装殖民者包围，占据了延伸到城市所在半岛的土地颈部地区。 |
