| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教的复杂处境对其殖民地产生了影响。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
美国独立战争时期，天主教徒约占美国13个原殖民地总人口的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒被视为英国政府的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒则会备受谴责。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们曾受英国统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍然被禁止在一些殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们的宗教领袖住在罗马，但他们的官方代表是伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔伯特。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争开始时，塔尔伯特主教宣布他对英国王室的忠诚。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(如果他不这样做，英国的天主教徒就会有麻烦了。反天主教情绪仍然高涨。) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止殖民地的牧师参加圣餐仪式。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这让信仰的实践难上加难。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引起了人们对殖民地反叛者的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国的联盟增加了人们对这种信仰的同情。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛新港时，殖民地废除了1664年的法案，允许天主教徒入籍。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这预示着宪法权利法案的出台，它将从法律中打击反天主教的法律。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
在战争中，教皇创造了一位美国主教约翰·卡罗尔(John Carroll)——他正是帮助建立马里兰的那个卡罗尔(Carrolls)的后代——以及一个与罗马直接沟通的美国教区。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军执行这些不可容忍的法案，并关闭了马萨诸塞州的立法机关。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收位于康科德的殖民地武器储备。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的军队向康科德进军。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
在列克星敦镇，保罗·里维尔和其他英国运动预先警告过的美国人试图半路阻止盖奇的军队。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道是哪一方先开的枪，但它在列克星敦格林引发了英军和民兵之间的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在开阔的战场上，面对数量压倒性优势的英国正规军，民兵迅速溃败。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
然而，警报还是响彻了整个乡村。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地的民兵蜂拥而至，在英军向康科德进军的过程中，他们向英军发动了游击战。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民者在康科德集结了大批军队。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英军交战，并击退了英军。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
然后他们获得了军械库里的所有东西。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英军在四面八方不断猛烈的炮火下撤退到波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
在波士顿郊区，仅一支由火炮支持的增援了部队，让撤离的英军不至于彻底溃败。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人醒来发现波士顿被2万名武装殖民者包围，占据了延伸到波士顿所在半岛的咽喉地带。 |
