Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Busshitsu no tokusei o hoji suru busshitsu no saishō ryūshidearu genshi wa, yōshi, denshi, chūseishi de kōsei sa rete imasu. |
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Yōshi wa sei no denka o mochi, denshi wa yōshi no sei no denka o uchikesu funodenka o motte imasu. |
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Chūseishi wa yōshi ni nite imasuga, chūsei no denka o motsu ryūshidesu. |
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Onaji denka o motsu ryūshi wa hanpatsu shi, hantai no denka o motsu ryūshi wa hikiau koto o nozoite, sei denka to fu denka no ma ni chigai wa arimasen. |
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
Koritsu shita sei no yōshi to fu no denshi ga tonariau to, sorera wa ketsugō shite suiso genshi o keisei shimasu. |
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Kono hanpatsu to inryoku (seishishita kaden ryūshi-kan no chikara) wa seiden-ryoku to shite shira re, riron-teki ni wa mugen ni hirogarimasuga, ryūshi-kan no kyori ga zōka suru ni tsurete yowamarimasu. |
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
Genshi ni 1-tsu ijō no denshi ga kakete iru baai, sono genshi wa sei no denka o mochi, genshi ni sukunakutomo 1-tsu no yobun'na denshi ga aru baai, sono genshi wa funodenka o mochimasu. |
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Sei matawa funodenka o motsu to, genshi wa ion ni narimasu. |
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Kaku yūgō, kakubunretsu, hōshasei hōkai ni yotte yōshi to chūseishi o kakutoku matawa sōshitsu suru genshi. |
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Genshi wa tasū no ryūshi de kōsei sa re, buttai mo tasū no genshi de kōsei sa rete imasuga, sōgo ni hanpatsu shi tari hikitsuke tari suru to iu tende wa kaden ryūshi to dōyō ni dōsa shimasu |
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
Genshide wa, yōshi to chūseishi ga ketsugō shite, shikkari to ketsugō shita genshikaku o keisei shimasu. |
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Kono genshikaku wa, tōku kara sore o torikakomu kōdaina denshi no kumo ni kakoma rete imasuga, denji inryoku (zenjutsu shita seiden-ryoku) ni yotte yōshi no chikaku ni hoji sa rete imasu |
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Kumo wa ichiren no kasanariau sō/ bando to shite sonzai shi, naibu no atai denshi-tai wa denshi de mitasa re, genshi ni shikkari to ketsugō shite imasu. |
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Sotogawa no dendō-tai ni wa, enerugī o eru tame ni dendō-tai ni kasoku sa reta denshi igai no denshi wa fukuma rete imasen. |
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Jūbun'na enerugī ga areba, denshi wa genshi kara dasshutsu shimasu (uchū roketto no dasshutsu sokudo to hikaku shite kudasai). |
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Dendō-tai no denshi ga gensoku shite betsu no dendō-tai matawa atai denshi-tai ni ochiru to, kōshi ga hōshutsu sa remasu. |
This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
Kore wa kōdenkōka to shite shira rete imasu |