| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
| Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed by either gaining electrons (reduction) or losing electrons (oxidation). |
تشمل تفاعلات الأكسدة والاختزال جميع التفاعلات الكيميائية التي تتغير فيها حالة أكسدة الذرات عن طريق إما اكتساب الإلكترونات (الاختزال) أو فقدان الإلكترونات (الأكسدة). |
| Substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances are said to be oxidative and are known as oxidizing agents, oxidants or oxidizers. |
تُسمى المواد التي لديها القدرة على أكسدة مواد أخرى مواد مؤكسدة، وتُعرف بالعوامل المؤكسدة أو المؤكسدات |
| An oxidant removes electrons from another substance. |
.المادة المؤكسدة تزيل الإلكترونات من مادة أخرى |
| Similarly, substances that have the ability to reduce other substances are said to be reductive and are known as reducing agents, reductants, or reducers. |
بالمثل، تُعرف المواد التي لديها القدرة على اختزال المواد الأخرى بأنها مواد اختزالية وتُعرف أيضًا باسم العوامل المختزلة أو المختزلات |
| A reductant transfers electrons to another substance, and is thus oxidized itself. |
المادة المختزلة تنقل الإلكترونات إلى مادة أخرى، وبالتالي تتأكسد هي نفسها |
| And because it "donates" electrons it is also called an electron donor. |
ولأنها "تتبرع" بالإلكترونات، فإنها تُسمى أيضًا مانحًا للإلكترونات |
| Oxidation and reduction properly refer to a change in oxidation number—the actual transfer of electrons may never occur. |
الأكسدة والاختزال تشيران بشكل صحيح إلى تغيير في عدد الأكسدة — حيث قد لا يحدث النقل الفعلي للإلكترونات أبدًا |
| Thus, oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation number, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation number. |
وبالتالي، يمكن تعريف الأكسدة بشكل أفضل على أنها زيادة في عدد الأكسدة، والاختزال على أنه انخفاض في عدد الأكسدة |
