| Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids. |
Kristalografija je eksperimentalna znanost o određivanju rasporeda atoma u krutinama. |
| In older usage, it is the scientific study of crystals. |
U starijoj praksi to je znanstveno proučavanje kristala. |
| Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography (see below), the study of crystals was based on the geometry of the crystals. |
Prije razvoja kristalografije rendgenskom difrakcijom (pogledajte ispod), proučavanje kristala temeljilo se na geometriji kristala. |
| This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces relative to theoretical reference axes (crystallographic axes), and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question. |
To uključuje mjerenje kuteva ploha kristala u odnosu na teoretske referentne osi (kristalografske osi) i uspostavljanje simetrije kristala o kojem se radi. |
| The former is carried out using a goniometer. |
Prijašnja se provode goniometrom. |
| The position in 3D space of each crystal face is plotted on a stereographic net, e.g. Wolff net or Lambert net. |
Položaj svake plohe kristala u 3D prostoru se skicira na stereografskoj mreži, tj. Wulffovoj ili Lambertovoj mreži. |
| In fact, the pole to each face is plotted on the net. |
U stvari, pol svake plohe skicira se na mreži. |
| Each point is labelled with its Miller index. |
Svaka točka se označava svojim Millerovim indeksom. |
| The final plot allows the symmetry of the crystal to be established. |
Završna skica omogućuje uspostavljanje simetrije kristala. |
| Crystallographic methods now depend on the analysis of the diffraction patterns that emerge from a sample that is targeted by a beam of some type. |
Kristalografske metode sada ovise o analizi difrakcijskih uzoraka koji proizlaze iz uzorka ciljanog nekom vrstom snopa zraka. |
| The beam is not always electromagnetic radiation, even though X-rays are the most common choice. |
Snop nije uvijek elektromagnetsko zračenje, iako se u najvećem broju slučajeva radi o rendgenskim zrakama. |
| For some purposes electrons or neutrons are used, which is possible due to the wave properties of the particles. |
U nekim se primjenama koriste elektroni ili neutroni, što je moguće zbog valnog svojstva čestica. |
| Crystallographers often explicitly state the type of illumination used when referring to a method, as with the terms X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction. |
Kristalografi često eksplicitno navode vrstu osvjetljenja koje se koristi u odnosu na metodu, prema uvjetima rendgenske difrakcije, difrakcije neutrona i difrakcije elektrona. |
| These three types of radiation interact with the specimen in different ways. |
Ove tri vrste zračenja stvaraju interakciju s uzorkom na različite načine. |
| X-rays interact with the spatial distribution of the valence electrons, while electrons are charged particles and therefore feel the total charge distribution of both the atomic nuclei and the surrounding electrons. |
Rendgenske zrake stvaraju interakciju s prostornom distribucijom valentnih elektrona, dok su elektroni nabijene čestice i zato osjete ukupnu distribuciju naboja i atomske jezgre, i okolnih elektrona. |
| Neutrons are scattered by the atomic nuclei through the strong nuclear forces, but in addition, the magnetic moment of neutrons is non-zero. |
Neutroni su raspršeni po atomskoj jezgri uslijed jakih nuklearnih sila, ali je povrh toga magnetski moment neutrona različit od nule. |
| They are therefore also scattered by magnetic fields. |
Zato su oni također raspršeni i po magnetskom polju. |
| Because of these different forms of interaction, the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies. |
Zbog ovih različitih oblika interakcije, za različita kristalografska ispitivanja koriste se tri vrste zračenja. |
