| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
Katolicismens indviklede position i Storbritannien havde konsekvenser i kolonierne. |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
Under den amerikanske uafhængighedskrig udgjorde katolikker omkring 1,6% af den samlede amerikanske befolkning i det 13 oprindelige kolonier. |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
Hvis katolikker blev betragtet som potentielle fjender af den britiske stat, var det dobbelt svært for de irske katolikker, der var underlagt britisk herredømme. |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
I Irland var de underlagt britisk overherredømme. |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
I Amerika var det forbudt for katolikker at slå sig ned i nogle af kolonierne. |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
Selvom overhovedet for deres tro boede i Rom, var deres officielle repræsentant den katolske biskop over Londons stift, som hed James Talbot. |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
Ved krigens begyndelse erklærede biskop Talbot sin loyalitet over for den britiske krone. |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(Havde han gjort andet, ville katolikker i England have været i problemet. Der var stadig en stærk anti-katolsk stemning.) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
Han forbød kolonisternes præster at uddele nadver. |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
Det gjorde det umuligt at udøve troen. |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
Det skabte sympati for de rebelske kolonister. |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
Den kontinentale hærs alliance med Frankrig øgede sympatien for den katolske tro. |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
Da den franske flåde ankom til Newport, Rhode Island, ophævede kolonien Loven af 1664 og tillod katolikker at opnå borgerskab. |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(Dette foregreb en bestemmelse i Bill of Rights som gjorde alle anti-katolske love ugyldige.) |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
Efter krigen indsatte paven en amerikansk biskop, John Carroll -- en efterkommer af Carroll-familien som havde været med til at stifte kolonien Maryland -- og et amerikansk stift som kommunikerede direkte med Rom. |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
Den britiske regering gav general Thomas Gage besked på at håndhæve de "Utålelige Love" og opløse Massachusetts' lovgivende forsamling. |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
Gage besluttede at konfiskere et lager af kolonisternes våben i Concord. |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
Den 19. april 1775 marcherede Gages tropper til Concord. |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
Undervejs, ved byen Lexington, gjorde amerikanerne, der var blevet varslet af Paul Revere og andre om de britiske troppebevægelser, et forsøg på at stoppe tropperne. |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
Ingen ved på hvilken side det første skud blev affyret, men det udløste slaget på Lexington Green mellem briterne og minutmændene. |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
Da de var oppe imod et overvældende stort antal professionelle britiske tropper på åben mark, blev minutmændene hurtigt slået på flugt. |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
Ikke desto mindre blev alarmen hørt overalt på egnen. |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
Kolonisternes militser strømmede til og startede en guerillakrig mod briterne under deres march mod Concord. |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
Kolonisternes tropper samledes i Concord. |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
Der gik de til angreb mod briterne med så stor styrke at de kunne slå dem tilbage. |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
Så lagde de beslag på arsenalet. |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
Briterne trak sig tilbage til Boston under konstant, knusende beskydning fra alle sider. |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
Kun en forstærkende kolonne med artilleristøtte i udkanten af Boston forhindrede at den britiske tilbagetrækning blev et totalt nederlagt. |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
Da briterne vågnede næste dag, var Boston omringet af 20.000 bevæbnede kolonister, som havde sig på den landtange der forbandt byen, som lå på en halvø, med fastlandet. |
