| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教的复杂形势对其殖民地产生了诸多影响。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美国独立战争时期，天主教徒大概占美国早期13个殖民地人口的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果英国视天主教徒为潜在敌对者，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒则将受到双重厌恶。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
爱尔兰曾受英国的统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国当时的一些殖民地区，天主教徒仍被禁止在该地区定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们的宗教领袖住在罗马，但他们官方的天主教教区代表是伦敦教区的詹姆斯·塔尔博特（James Talbot）。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
当美国独立战争开始时，塔尔博特主教已宣布忠于英国王室。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(如果他不这样做，英格兰的天主教徒就会陷入两难之地。因为反天主教情绪是依然高涨的。) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地牧师参加圣餐仪式。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
他的要求使得因宗教信仰而必须做的各种仪式难以实施。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这让人们开始对反殖民者产生同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
美国的大陆军团与法国的联盟也增加了对天主教信仰的同情之感。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛的纽波特时，该殖民地即废除了1664年的法案，允许天主教徒成为当地公民。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(这预示着将把反天主教的法律从《宪法权利法案》中剔除。) |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
美国独立战争后，教皇新任命了一个美国主教约翰·卡罗尔(John Carroll)——他是帮助建立马里兰的卡罗尔家族后代——以及可直接与罗马沟通的美国教区。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇（Thomas Gage）将军执行《不可容忍法案》，并关停马萨诸塞的立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇将军决定先没收位于康科德的殖民地军火储备。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的军队向康科德进发。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
行军途中，到达莱克星顿镇时，美国人事先得到保罗·里维尔（Paul Revere）和其他人关于英军行动警告，并试图阻止英军。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
无人知晓是哪一方开了第一枪，但它触发了英国人和美国后备民兵在列克星敦格林的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在地势开阔的战场上，美国后备民兵面对压倒性人数优势的英国正规军，很快就溃不成军。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
然而，此时警报声响彻整个乡村。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地民兵蜂拥而至，在英国人向康科德进发的同时，向他们发起了游击战。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地居民也在康科德集结了军队。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在康科德与英军展开激战，并击退了英军。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
然后他们夺得了军械库的物品。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
在来自四面八方持续不断的猛烈炮火攻击下，英军撤到了波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有一支在波士顿郊区来支援的炮兵增援部队才阻止了英军的彻底溃败。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人醒来后，发现波士顿已被两万名全副武装的殖民者包围，他们已夺取了咽喉要塞以及延伸到波士顿所在半岛的土地。 |
