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Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是物质的最小粒子，保留了物质的性质，由质子、电子和中子组成
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，负电荷会抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带有中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的正质子和负电子放置在彼此附近，它们就会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无穷大，但随着粒子之间距离的增加而被削弱。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带正电荷，而当原子至少有一个额外的电子时，它会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷会使原子成为离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体也由许多原子组成，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的行为与带电粒子相似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合形成紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围环绕着大量电子，这些电子在远处绕着原子核旋转，但由于电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）而被束缚在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，除了那些通过获得能量而加速到导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，就会发射光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。

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