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Idioma nativo: Malay (generic)

Estou Disponível

Olá, o meu nome é
Nur Adilah Kamarudin

English para Malay (generic)

accounting

business

banking

Idioma nativo:

Malay (generic)

29
Unidades de Tradução

0
Conceitos Terminológicos

Principais Áreas de Especialização

banking

business

Meu Trabalho

Amostra de Tradução Banking

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Malay (generic))
There are two basic concepts in finance: time-value of money and uncertainty about expectations.	Terdapat dua konsep asas dalam kewangan: nilai masa wang dan ketidaktentuan mengenai jangkaan.
The two concepts are the core of financial valuations, including futures contracts.	Kedua-dua konsep tersebut menjadi teras penilaian kewangan, termasuklah kontrak niaga hadapan.
cost-of-carry model is the most widely accepted and used for pricing futures contract	Model kos pegangan ialah kaedah yang digunakan secara paling meluas dalam perletakan harga kontrak niaga hadapan.
Cost-of-carry Model	Model Kos Pegangan
Cost-of-carry model is an arbitrage-free pricing model.	Model kos pegangan merupakan model perletakan harga yang bebas-arbitraj.
Its central theme is that futures contract is so priced as to preclude arbitrage profit.	Prinsip utamanya ialah kontrak niaga hadapan diniagakan pada harga yang dapat menghalang keuntungan daripada aktiviti arbitraj.
In other words, investors will be indifferent to spot and futures market to execute their buying and selling of underlying asset because the prices they obtain are effectively the same.	Dalam erti kata lain, pelabur tidak akan cenderung untuk melakukan belian dan jualan aset pendasar dalam pasaran semerta atau pasaran niaga hadapan kerana harga kedua-dua pasaran tersebut ialah sama.
Expectations do influence the price, but they influence the spot price and, through it, the futures price.	Jangkaan sememangnya mempunyai pengaruh ke atas harga, namun ia mempengaruhi harga semerta dan melalui pengaruh itu, ia mempengaruhi harga niaga hadapan.
They do not directly influence the futures price.	Jangkaan tidak mempengaruhi harga niaga hadapan secara langsung.
According to the cost-of-carry model, the futures price is given by Futures price(Fp) = Spot Price(Sp) + Carry Cost(Cc) - Carry Return(Cr) (1)	Menurut model kos pegangan, harga niaga hadapan ditentukan melalui rumus Harga Niaga Hadapan(Fp) = Harga Semerta(Sp) + Kos Pegangan(Cc) - Pulangan pegangan(Cr) (1)
Carry cost (CC) is the interest cost of holding the underlying asset (purchased in spot market) until the maturity of futures contract.	Kos pegangan (Cc) merupakan kos faedah untuk membiayai pemegangan aset pendasar, yang dibeli melalui pasaran semerta, sehingga kematangan kontrak niaga hadapan.
Carry return (CR) is the income (e.g., dividend) derived from underlying asset during holding period.	Pulangan pegangan (Cr) ialah hasil yang diperoleh daripada aset pendasar sepanjang tempoh pegangan, seperti dividen.
Thus, the futures price (F) should be equal to spot price (S) plus carry cost minus carry return.	Oleh itu, harga niaga hadapan (F) seharusnya sama dengan harga semerta (S) dicampurkan dengan kos pegangan dan dikurangkan dengan pulangan pegangan.
If it is otherwise, there will be arbitrage opportunities as follows	Jika keadaan sebaliknya berlaku, akan timbul peluang arbitraj seperti berikut
When F > (S + CC - CR): Sell the (overpriced) futures contract, buy the underlying asset in spot market and carry it until the maturity of futures contract.	Apabila F > (S + CC - CR): Jual kontrak niaga hadapan yang terlebih harga, beli aset pendasar melalui pasaran semerta dan pegang aset pendasar tersebut sehingga kematangan kontrak niaga hadapan.
This is called "cash-and-carry" arbitrage.	Ini dipanggil arbitraj "tunai dan pegang".
When F < (S + CC - CR): Buy the (under priced) futures contract, short-sell the underlying asset in spot market and invest the proceeds of short-sale until the maturity of futures contract.	Apabila F < (S + CC -CR): Beli kontrak niaga hadapan yang terkurang harga, lakukan jualan jangka turun terhadap aset pendasar dalam pasaran semerta dan laburkan hasil jualan jangka turun tersebut sehingga kematangan kontrak niaga hadapan.
This is called "reverse cash-and-carry" arbitrage.	Ini dipanggil arbitraj "tunai dan pegang songsang".

Amostra de Tradução Business

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Malay (generic))
As a science, economics follows the scientific method.	Sebagai sains, ekonomi mematuhi kaedah saintifik.
Hypotheses are developed from observations, and are tested to ensure validity (usually in economics this simply involves more observation).	Hipotesis dibentuk daripada pemerhatian dan diuji untuk memastikan kesahihannya (dalam ekonomi ini biasanya melibatkan lebih pemerhatian).
For results to be valid, an hypothesis must be capable of predicting an outcome more than once.	Untuk keputusan dianggap sahih, sebuah hipotesis haruslah mampu untuk meramalkan suatu kesudahan lebih dari sekali.
Economists are usually involved in theoretical economics and use their observation of facts to interpret them in a meaningful way.	Pakar ekonomi biasanya terlibat dengan ekonomi teori dan menggunakan pemerhatian mereka tentang fakta-fakta untuk membuat tafsiran yang bermakna.
They use cause and effect relationships to establish economic theories or principles.	Mereka menggunakan hukum sebab akibat untuk menghasilkan teori atau prinsip ekonomi.
Over time, a theory or principle may become accepted as universally true, at which point it becomes a law.	Dengan peredaran masa, suatu teori atau prinsip mungkin boleh diterima sejagat sebagai benar dan pada ketika ini ia akan menjadi suatu hukum.
A law is generally always considered to be true.	Suatu hukum pada umumnya sentiasa dianggap benar.
A caveat to all of this is that all economic theories, principles, and laws are generalizations or abstractions.	Suatu kaveat ke atas semua ini ialah semua teori, prinsip and hukum ekonomi merupakan pengitlakan atau penyamaan.
They simplify the actual picture, even more so because of ceteris paribus.	Mereka menyimpulkan keadaan sebenar, lebih-lebih lagi kerana faktor lain tidak berubah (ceteris peribus).
A law, though almost always true, may prove false under special circumstances.	Suatu hukum, walaupun selalunya benar, boleh menjadi tidak benar dalam sesuatu keadaan yang khusus.
Like other social sciences, economics cannot apply universal rules because humans sometimes act irrationally.	Seperti sains sosial yang lain, ekonomi tidak dapat menggunakan hukum sejagat kerana ada kalanya manusia akan bertindak secara tidak rasional.

Minha Experiência

Formação

1998 BSc (Hons) em University of Buckingham

Adesões

Malaysian National Institute of Translation (Ingressão: 2016)

Malaysia

Disponível Hoje

December 2025

Tradutores Semelhantes

Nor Hisam

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Hasnan Hakim

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Abd Ghafar Hamzah

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