| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国的殖民地,天主教的复杂情况终成定势。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美国革命时期，天主教徒约占最初13个殖民地的美国总人口的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒被视为英国国家的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒则被双重诅咒。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们一直受到英国的统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍然在一些殖民地被禁止定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们的信仰领袖居住在罗马，但他们的官方代表是伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔博特（James Talbot）。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争开始时，塔尔博特主教宣布忠于英国王室。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（如果他不这样做，英国的天主教徒就会陷入困境。此时反天主教情绪依然高涨。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地牧师服侍圣餐。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得信仰的可行性变得虚无缥缈。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引起了对殖民地叛乱分子的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军队同法国的联盟加剧了对信仰的同情。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛州纽波特时，该殖民地废除了1664年的法案，并允许天主教徒获得公民身份。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这预示着《宪法权利法案》将出台打击反天主教的法律。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇创立了一位美国主教约翰·卡罗尔（John Carroll）——他是帮助建立马里兰州以及一个直接与罗马沟通的美国教区的卡罗尔家族的后裔。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇（Thomas Gage）将军执行《不可容忍法案》并关闭马萨诸塞州立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收在康科德储备的殖民地武器。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775 年 4 月 19 日，盖奇的部队向康科德进军。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
在进军途中，列克星敦镇中保罗·里维尔（Paul Revere）和其他事先被告知过英国行动方向的美国人试图阻止军队。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道哪一方开了第一枪，但它引发了英国人和民兵在列克星敦格林的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在开阔的战场上，面对压倒性优势的英国正规军，民兵很快就被击溃了。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
然而，警报响彻了整个村庄。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地民兵蜂拥而至在英国人向康科德进军时发动了游击袭击。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地民兵在康科德集结了军队。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英军交战，击退了英军。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
然后，他们认领了军械库里的东西。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英军在来自四面八方的持续毁灭的炮火下撤退到波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有波士顿郊区的一支炮兵增援纵队支援使英军顺利撤退而不至于全面溃败散逃。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人醒来后发现波士顿被2万名武装殖民者包围，殖民者占领了城市所在的半岛的半壁江山。 |
