Perfil do Tradutor: Andrew Houston (drew3kw)

Idioma nativo:

English

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12 year Tokyo resident. 10 years experience as a translator, bilingual coordinator and onset interpreter for international movies and commercials with Japanese locations.

^*Os preços listados são uma faixa geral para este tradutor. Cada projeto é diferente e muitos fatores influenciam o preço de uma tradução, incluindo a complexidade de seu texto fonte, formato do arquivo, prazo, etc. Por favor contate este tradutor com os detalhes do seu trabalho de tradução para obter um orçamento mais específico. Os valores na TM-Town são sempre apresentados em USD (dólar americano) por uma questão de consistência. Um tradutor poderá optar por uma moeda de preferência diferente.

39
Unidades de Tradução

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Conceitos Terminológicos

Principais Áreas de Especialização

art

software

computers (software)

computers

other

Meu Trabalho

Amostra de Tradução Linguistics

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Fonte (Japanese)	Destino (English)
恣意性	Arbitrariness
ソシュールは、「能記」(signifiant)と「所記」（signifié）という2つの概念（シニフィアンとシニフィエ）を用いて、言語記号の音声・形態とその意味との間には必然的な関係性はないという言語記号の恣意性を説いた。	Saussure uses the two concepts 'signifier' and 'signified' to explain the arbitrariness of language notation, stating that there is no inevitable relationship between the speech/form of notation and its meaning.
これとはほぼ反対の立場として音象徴（sound symbolism）という見解がある。	There is a viewpoint almost completely opposed to this known as sound symbolism.
これは、音素そのものに何らかの意味や感覚、印象といったものがあり、言語記号はその組み合わせによって合理的に作られているとするものである。	This holds that phonemes themselves have some sort of meaning, sensation, and impression, and that notation is created through their logical combination.
しかし、実際にはどの言語にも普遍的な音象徴というものは存在しないため、現在そのような立場の言語研究はあまり行われていない。	However, since there is in fact no universal sound symbol in any language, there is not much linguistic research in such a position at present.

Amostra de Tradução Computers

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Fonte (Japanese)	Destino (English)
日本語においては、英語の「computer」のカタカナ語として「コンピュータ」または「コンピューター」を用いる。	In Japanese, the katakana words コンピュータ or コンピューター ("konpyuta") of the English word "computer" is used.
法用語では「電子計算機でんしけいさんき」という表現が刑法や著作権法等で用いられている。	In legal language, the phrase "denshi keisanki" ('electronic calculator') is used, in criminal law, copyright law, etc.
また、手動の機械式計算機などと違う点を強調して「自動」の語が初期には入ることもあったが、近年はほぼ見なくなった。	In addition, to emphasize the point of difference from manual calculation devices, the word "automatic" was sometimes used in the early computing era, but in recent years it has almost disappeared.
「電子計算組織」という語もあり、官公庁の公式文書である入札公告、条例などで21世紀に入った後の使用例も見られる。	There is also the term "electronic computing organization", with examples of usage in the 21st century found in official government documents such as bid announcements and ordinances.
「組織」の用法は大体「システム」といった意味のようである。	Usage of the term "organization" generally seems to mean "system".
電算機という語もあり、「電算業務」といった形で電算と略しても使われているが、情報処理学会が歴史について調査した際に、学会誌『情報処理』に掲載された富士通における歴史を述べた記事によれば、電子計算機以前の頃、リレーによる計算機によりサービスを開始した同社が（「電子」じゃないけど、ということで）使い始めた言葉であろう、と書かれている。	There is also the word "densanki", an abbreviation used in terms such as "densan gyomu" ('computer work'). According to an article on the history of Fujitsu published in the journal 'Information Processing', when the Information Processing Society surveyed the written record, it found that since the era of electronic calculators, the same company that started relay computer service began using the word (although it is not 'electronic').
他に、人工頭脳や電子頭脳、台湾や香港などでもよく使われる電脳といった言葉がある。	Besides, there are words such as "jinko zunou" (artificial brain) and "denshi zunou" (electronic brain), often referred to in the same abbreviated manner as "dennou" in places such as Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Amostra de Tradução Art

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Fonte (Japanese)	Destino (English)
定義	Definition
原始時代の洞窟壁画（ラスコーの壁画など）は呪術的な目的で描かれ、人間、牛の姿を巧みに捉え、日常的な実用性を離れた表現となっており、美術史の始めのページを飾るものである。	Primitive cave murals (such as the Lascaux cave paintings) were drawn for shamanic purposes, skillfully capturing the forms of people and cattle in a departure from everyday practicality that decorates the first page of art history.
美術は多く宗教とともに発達してきたが、近代以降は宗教から独立した一分野を形づくるようになり、個性の表現としても捉えられるようになってきている。	Fine art has largely developed alongside religion, but since the modern era has come to form a field independent of religion, where it is regarded as an expression of individuality.
美術は芸術の一分野である。	Fine art is a field within the larger umbrella of art.
芸術とは、表現者あるいは表現物と、鑑賞者とが相互に作用し合うことなどで、精神的・感覚的な変動を得ようとする活動である。	Art is an activity that seeks to produce psychological and sensory changes through, for example, interactions between an expressive person or object and an appreciator.
とりわけ表現者側の活動として捉えられる側面が強く、その場合、表現者が鑑賞者に働きかけるためにとった手段、媒体、対象などの作品やその過程を芸術と呼ぶ。	Above all, the activities on the side of the artist are regarded as strong, and that being the case, the works and processes in terms of things such as means, media, and subjects chosen by the artist to affect the appreciator are called art.
表現者が鑑賞者に伝えようとする内容は、信念、思想、感覚、感情など様々である。	The content an artist tries to convey to an appreciator is varied, such as belief, thought, sensation, and emotion.

Amostra de Tradução Art

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Fonte (Japanese)	Destino (English)
紀元前10000年頃を起源とする日本の芸術文化は、歴史的に見ると新文化あるいは外国の考えが突然流入してくる時期があり、その後に海外との接触がほとんどない時期が長く続いている。	In the Japanese artistic culture originating around 10000 BC, from a historical point of view there is a period of time which brought a sudden influx of foreign ideas and new culture, followed by a long subsequent period with almost no foreign contact at all.
年月を経て日本人は外国文化の要素を吸収し、真似、そして同化して日本独特の美的嗜好を完成させる能力を身につけた。	Over the years the Japanese have acquired the ability to absorb, imitate, and finally assimilate the elements of foreign culture in order to complete the unique aesthetic taste of Japan.
日本における最初の複雑な美術は仏教と密接に関連付けられたもので、7、8世紀頃に生まれた。	The first complex art in Japan was intimately tied to Buddhism, and arose in the 7th and 8th centuries.
9世紀になり、日本が次第に中国と距離を置き、自国の表現方法を生み出し始めると、今度は非宗教的な美術に重点が置かれた。	In the ninth century, Japan began to gradually distance itself from China, and when a domestic form of expression began to emerge, this time emphasis was placed on non-religious art.
10世紀から12世紀までの国風文化と院政期文化の時代には、日本人好みの文化「和様」が洗練されていった。	During the era of national and imperial culture that lasted from the 10th to 12th century, a culture representative of Japanese taste was refined.
寝殿造の和様建築には浄土教の影響を受けた浄土式庭園が造成された。	Japanese traditional architecture in Heian palaces features Jodo-style gardens influenced by Jodo Buddhism.
禅宗が盛んになる13世紀中期以降は枯山水が流行し、15世紀後期まで、仏教美術と非宗教美術の双方ともが繁栄した。	From the mid 13th century when the Zen sects came to prominence, traditional landscape gardens came into fashion, and until the end of the 15th century both Buddhist and non-religious art flourished.
応仁の乱（1467年-1477年）後100年以上にわたり、日本では政治的、社会的、そして経済的に分裂した戦国時代に突入した。	For more than 100 years following Onin's War (c. 1467-1477), Japan entered an era of political, social, and economic division known as the Warring States period.
徳川幕府が治める江戸時代に入ると、組織的宗教は人々の生活にはほとんど影響を及ぼすことはなくなり、残った美術は非宗教的なものがほとんどであった。	During the Tokugawa Shogunate-governed Edo period, organized religion had little effect on people's lives, and art that remained was mostly non-religious.
日本庭園は、17世紀初期より大名の広大な邸宅に回遊式庭園が造られるようになった。	From the beginning of the 17th century, Japanese walking gardens were built in the vast residences of feudal lords.
絵画は日本では良質な芸術表現として好まれ、プロもアマも同じように制作を行っている。	Paintings are well-loved as high-quality artistic expression in Japan, with professionals and amateurs alike producing work.
現代に至るまでは日本人はペンよりも筆をよく用い、古くから筆になじんでいたため、絵画の美しさや価値を鑑定する眼は非常に鋭かった。	Even in the present day, Japanese people often use the brush rather than the pen, and due to their long familiarity with the brush, they have a sharp eye for the appraisal of beauty and value in painting.

Amostra de Tradução Software

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Fonte (Japanese)	Destino (English)
資産としてのソフトウェア	Software as an Asset
ソフトウェアは法律上、知的財産として扱われ、著作権法や特許法によって保護される。	Software is legally treated as intellectual property, and is protected by copyright and patent law.
一般的には著作者がそのソフトウェアの利用範囲を明確にした利用許諾契約書を用意しており、ソフトウェアの利用者はこれに合意しなければならない。	Generally, the author prepares a license agreement that clarifies the scope of use of the software, and the user of the software must agree to this.
この契約内容の一部を、ソフトウェアライセンスという。	This part of the contract is known as a software license.
著作権者が利用許諾契約書を用意していない場合は著作権法の範囲での利用が可能である。	In cases where the copyright owner does not have a license agreement, it can be used within the scope of copyright law.
医療用ソフトウェアの規制	Medical Software Regulations
「医薬品、医療機器等の品質、有効性及び安全性の確保等に関する法律（略称:医薬品医療機器等法、薬機法、旧称：薬事法）」により、疾病診断用プログラム、疾病治療用プログラム、疾病予防用プログラム、および、それらを記録した記録媒体についても、副作用又は機能の障害が生じた場合において、人の生命及び健康に影響を与えるおそれがある場合には、医療機器として制限を受ける。	In accordance with 'The Act on Ensuring the Quality, Effectiveness and Safety of Drugs, Medical Devices (Abbreviation: Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act, Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, formerly Pharmaceutical Affairs Law),' programs for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases, and the media on which these are recorded may also have an adverse effect on human life and health in the event of a side effect or impairment of function, in which case they are subject to restrictions as medical equipment.
これは、医療機器のIT化に伴って、医療的な効果を謳うソフトウェア単体についても他の医療機器と同様の規制が必要になったためである（医薬品医療機器等法第23条の2関係、医薬品医療機器等法第39条関係）。	This is due to the necessity of regulations similar to those on other medical equipment with regard to software itself claiming medical effects as medical equipment becomes increasingly IT-integrated (Relating to Article 23-2 and Article 39 of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Act).

Minha Experiência

Experiência

10 anos.

Formação

2002 BA em University of Southern California
2002 BA em Waseda University

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