| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of matter, are made up of protons, electrons and neutrons.
Les atomes, les plus petites particules de matière qui conservent les propriétés de la matière, sont constitués de protons, d'électrons et de neutrons. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge that cancels the positive charge of the proton.
Les protons ont une charge positive, tandis que les électrons ont une charge négative qui annule la charge positive du proton. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutrons are particles similar to a proton, but have a neutral charge.
Les neutrons sont des particules similaires à un proton, mais ont une charge neutre. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
There are no differences between positive and negative charges, except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.
Il n'y a pas de différence entre les charges positives et négatives, sauf que les particules avec la même charge se repoussent et les particules avec des charges opposées s'attirent. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
If a single positive proton and a negative electron are placed next to each other, they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.
Si un proton positif isolé et un électron négatif sont placés près l'un de l'autre, ils se réuniront pour former un atome d'hydrogène. |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
This repulsion and attraction (force between charged stationary particles) is known as Electrostatic Force and theoretically extends to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between the particles increases.
Cette répulsion et attraction (force entre les particules stationnaires chargées) est connue sous le nom de force électrostatique et s'étend théoriquement à l'infini, mais se dilue à mesure que la distance entre les particules augmente. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
When an atom has one or more electrons missing, it has a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron, it has a negative charge.
Lorsqu'un atome a un ou plusieurs électrons manquants, il a une charge positive, et lorsqu'un atome a au moins un électron supplémentaire, il a une charge négative. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Having a positive or negative charge turns an atom into an ion.
Avoir une charge positive ou négative transforme un atome en ion. |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission and radioactive decay.
Les atomes gagnent et perdent des protons et des neutrons uniquement par fusion, fission et désintégration radioactive. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Although atoms are made up of many particles and objects are made up of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.
Bien que les atomes soient constitués de nombreuses particules et que les objets soient constitués de nombreux atomes, ils se comportent de la même manière que les particules chargées en termes de repoussement et d'attraction. |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
In an atom, protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bonded nucleus.
Dans un atome, les protons et les neutrons se combinent pour former un noyau étroitement lié. |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circulating at a distance, but kept close to the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).
Ce noyau est entouré d'un vaste nuage d'électrons circulant à distance, mais maintenu à proximité des protons par attraction électromagnétique (la force électrostatique évoquée précédemment). |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping layers / bands in which the internal valence bands are filled with electrons and are strongly linked to the atom.
Le nuage existe sous la forme d'une série de couches / bandes qui se chevauchent dans laquelle les bandes de valence internes sont remplies d'électrons et sont fortement liées à l'atome. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
The outer conduction bands do not contain electrons, except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.
Les bandes de conduction externes ne contiennent pas d'électrons, sauf ceux qui se sont accélérés vers les bandes de conduction en gagnant de l'énergie. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
With enough energy, an electron will escape from an atom (compare to the escape velocity of a space rocket).
Avec suffisamment d'énergie, un électron s'échappera d'un atome (comparé à la vitesse d'échappement d'une fusée spatiale). |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band, a photon is emitted.
Lorsqu'un électron dans la bande de conduction décélère et tombe dans une autre bande de conduction ou la bande de valence, un photon est émis. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
This is known as the photoelectric effect.
C'est ce qu'on appelle l'effet photoélectrique.
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