Reality and Illusion |
现实与幻想 |
Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality. |
“推销员之死”使用了闪回的手法来展示现实中威力的记忆 |
The illusion not only “suggests the past, but also presents the lost pastoral life.” |
那些幻想不仅“揭示了过去,更展现了失落的牧民生活” |
Willy has dreamed of success his whole life and makes up lies about his and Biff's success. |
威力曾空想过他整个人生的成功,捏造出他与比夫成功的谎言 |
The more he indulges in the illusion, the harder it is for him to face reality. |
他越满足于那些幻象,便越难以面对现实 |
Biff is the only one who realizes that the whole family lived in the lies and tries to face the truth. |
比夫是唯一一个认识到整个家庭都沉迷于幻想,并尝试面对真相的人 |
Willy Loman |
威力·罗曼 |
Willy Loman dreams of being a successful salesman like Dave Singleman, somebody who has both wealth and freedom. |
威力·罗曼梦想成为一名成功的推销员,就像戴夫·辛格曼那样即拥有财富又怀揣自由。 |
Willy believes that the key to success is being well-liked, and his frequent flashbacks show that he measures happiness in terms of wealth and popularity. |
威力坚信着成功的关键就是变得受欢迎,他频繁出现的闪回展示出他衡量幸福的标准是财富与声望。 |
One analyst of the play writes: “Society tries to teach that, if people are rich and well-liked, they will be happy. Because of this, Willy thought that money would make him happy. He never bothered to try to be happy with what he had …”Willy also believes that to attain success, one must have a suitable personality. |
这出戏的一个评论者写道:“社会环境尝试教导我们,如果人们富有且受欢迎,那么他们就会快乐。因为如此,威力认为金钱会使他快乐。他从未考虑过知足常乐......”威力也相信一个人必须拥有合适的性格才能获得成功。 |
According to another analyst, “He believes that salesmanship is based on ‘sterling traits of character’ and ‘a pleasing personality.’ But Willy does not have the requisite sterling traits of character; people simply do not like him as much as he thinks is necessary for success.” |
根据另一个分析,“他相信推销是基于“人物的好品格”与“一个讨喜的性格,”但威力并不具备这必不可少的好品格;他有多坚信那些条件是成功所必备的,人们就有多讨厌他” |
Uncle Ben |
舅舅本 |
Ben symbolizes another kind of successful American Dream for Willy: to catch opportunity, to conquer nature, and to gain a fortune. |
本对于威力来说象征着另一种成功的美国人的梦想:去抓住机会,去打破常理,以此来获得幸福。 |
His mantra goes: “Why, boys, when I was seventeen I walked into the jungle, and when I was twenty-one I walked out. (He laughs.) And by God I was rich.” |
他在咒文中说道:“这到底是为什么,我的孩子们,十七岁时我曾踏入了那危险的密林,当我二十一岁时,我走出来了。(他笑笑。)并且感谢上帝我那么富有。” |
Biff |
比夫 |
After seeing his father's real identity, Biff does not follow his father's “dream” because he knows that, as two analysts put it, “Willy does see his future but in a blind way. Meaning that he can and cannot see at the same time, since his way of seeing or visualizing the future is completely wrong.” |
在看到了他父亲的真实身份后,比夫没有遵循父亲的“梦想”,因为他明白,正如两位分析者所说,“威力的确能看到自己的未来,但是是以一个盲目的方式。这意味着他能够看到,却同时无法看到,因为他用来看清未来的方式是完全错误的。” |
Bernard and Charley |
伯纳德与查理 |
One thing that is apparent from the Death of a Salesman is the hard work and dedication of Charley and Bernard. |
在“推销员之死”中,查理与伯纳德的辛勤工作与奉献精神是显而易见的 |
Willy criticizes Charley and Bernard throughout the play, but it is not because he hates them. |
在戏中,威力从头到尾都在批评者查理与伯纳德,但那并非因为他恨他们 |
Rather, it's argued that he is jealous of the successes they have enjoyed, which is outside his standards. |
当然啦,很多人争论他妒忌着他们享受的,超出他标准范畴的成功 |
The models of business success provided in the play all argue against Willy's "personality theory." |
戏中给出的商业成功的模型全都反驳了威力的“性格理论” |
One is Charley, Willy's neighbor and apparently only friend. |
一个是查理,威力的邻居,虽然表面上只是朋友 |
Charley has no time for Willy's theories of business, but he provides for his family and is in a position to offer Willy a do-nothing job to keep him bringing home a salary. |
查理没有时间听威力那些商业方面的大理论,但他维持了他的家庭,与他的立场给予威力一个“什么都不用做的工作”,使后者能一直另一份薪水。 |
(Bloom 51) |
(布鲁姆,51) |